Nutritional Needs for old people
1. Firstly, let talk about energetic need.
 Old people exercise less, the muscles of old people also reduce about 1/3 in comparison with the youth. With a seventy-year-old person, his energetic need reduces about 30% compared with his age. Therefore, old people must eat less than themselves as they were young. If they still feel delicious but eat too much, they will get swelling belly. Old people can consult Lorentz formula to calculate possible weights as follows:
Among them: - P is possible weight calculated by kg
- h is the height calculated by cm
Ex: With a man who is 160 cm in height, his possible weight is:
With a woman who is 160 cm in height, her possible weight is:
We can use a simpler formula to calculate on men and women as well.
P : 50 + 0,75 ( h - 150)
With a man who is 160 cm in height, his possible weight is :
P = 50 + 0,75 ( 160 - 150 ) = 57,5 kg. .
To be simpler, we can calculate the height by cm, and subtract 100 then get 9/10 of that weight. Ex: A person is 160 cm in height. We will subtract 100, so it remains 60. Getting 9/10 by 60 is 54kg.
Some above calculations show that possible weight's notion doesn't have absolute meaning, it only has the value of instruction and reference, and it means that a person with 160 cm in height being 55 kg is whole when he was young. Of course, he should not exceed 60 kg (10/10). If he reaches 66 kg (11/10), he becomes fat.
The organization has advised to use Body mass index to evaluate nutritional situation:
WEIGHT (KG)
A person is fat if BMI is 25 upper limit and he is thin if BMI is 18,5 below
Ex: A person is 57.5 kg in weight and 1m60 in height.
In spite of man or woman, that person is average, not fat not thin.
- If that person is 66 kg in weight, BMI is:
Despite man or woman, that person is fat.
For old people, possible weight must be surely less than calculated weight, and that weight should consider permitted maximum weight.
Ex: A person is lm70 in height. He has adjusted his diet and kept possible weight of 63 kg (70kg x 9/10) for many long years. However, when he is over 70 years old, that level is so high because of the myasthenia, fat is substituted. In addition, his belly is swollen. So his weight keeps intact. Therefore, he should be 60kg in weight, reducing 3kg of redundant fat. In middle-aged group, he/she can eat 3-4 bowls each meal, now he/she only has one bowl but remains his/her weight.
2. For gluxit need
The older a person is, the less he/she stands gluxit. 70% at 60-74 age group and 85% at more 75 age group reduce to stand gluxit. This is the premise that old people easily get diabetic. For people who are over 60 years old, the ratio of the diabetic increases 8-10fold compared with common people. All of us know that problem when we have much sugar, soft drink and a lot of candies.
Sweet cake and sugar are absorbed into blood quickly, creating a peak of blood sugar. Pancreas is forced to operate unforeseen in order to secrete insulin to adjust blood sugar. If this event occurs many times during the day and continues for a long time, especially old people, pancreas will be forced to operate overloaded. So they will get diabetic. Therefore, old people must limit to eat sugar, candies and drink fresh water. Sweet substance provides the energy to our body. We should use gluxit from flour, ex: rice, bread.Because gluxit is digested, absorbed and reserved by our body. It only liberates gradually and inserts into blood according to our body's operating needs. So blood sugar isn't increased up the peak unforeseen.
3. For lipid transformation
If our body is redundant gluxit, reserved fat will be replaced. For old people, the operation of lipaza enamel conciliates fat reducing gradually according to their ages and their bodies can be redundant fat in blood. Cholesterol in blood raises, it easily disorders in composition of fat groups.
It is the premise caused atherosclerosis, then affected to myocardium with spasms of chest pain, myocardial infarction, bloating coronary artery, cerebral anemia, caused insomnia, headache, tinnitus, dizzy, forgetfulness, mental reduction and concentration reduction. Old people can get brain haemorrhage, hemiplegia and swoon.
We need protect central nervous system in preventing and treating atherosclerosis. We should limit stress, exercise regularly, work in moderation and ensure a good sleep. In addition, we should limit in eating, reduce grease, increase vegetable oil, limit salt and sugar and have a lot of vegetables.
4. For Protein transformation.
For old people, their digestion absorbs protein badly, the synthetic ability also decreases. Therefore, it's easily to lack protein. So we should ensure protein for old people.
People often think about meat when talking about protein. All of us know that meat digestion often matches a conciliating process to create some substances containing SUNFUA in large intestine and is poisonous substances affected to our health. When farting and stooling, the bad odour reflects a part of the consequence for many substances having sulfur when people eat a lot of meat. Especially, if old people have constipation, these poisonous substances are not eliminated and absorbed on their body, causing a poisonous kind damaging to health. Therefore, old people should limit to eat meat, especially fat. They should eat fish in spite of meat because fish has a lot of protein. Besides, it's easy to digestive, rarely creates sulfur compared with meat and having unsaturated fatty acid. It's necessary for old people and people who have high cholesterol.
Old people should eat protein sprung from plants because it rarely creates sulfur. Besides, foodstuffs is sprung from plants having fiber can keep cholesterol in digested pipe and discard to feces. There were many researches showing that fiber in food can reduce free cholesterol in blood.
In brief, old people should reduce to eating meat, especially fat meat; they should eat many fish meal in a week and reinforce soya curd, soy-bean, yoghurt from soy-bean and some kinds of bean and peanut. Protein sources rarely produce sulfur, much fiber help to discard to feces cholesterol.
5. The transforming of water, vitamin and mineral.
The elderly reduces their sensitiveness towards the thirsty feeling, so we need beware whether they lack water or not. Old people need drink fixed meal. Ex: drinking tea in the morning, drinking water in the lunch, reducing to drink water in the evening. They need enforce to drink in summer.
Old people need pay attention to the operation of free root in the muscles. Free root's notion is promoted at first by D.Harman in 1954, an American scientist in Free Radical Theory of Aging. Free root is molecule or debris of molecule having an odd electron in the out orbit. Because of this electron attendance, free roots have special important attribute is that it has high oxidizable ability. If there are any reasons, it is normal due to stress life , the number of free roots raise unusually and exceed normal control of protecting fence of AO substances, antioxidant, they will start the oxidizable reactions of substratum. The remarkable problem is lipid, the composed component of cell layer. Free roots, their operated products and peroxide after hurting cell layer will cause other wounds, such as: the change of protein structure, inhibiting enamel operation, changing structure and hormone.
The wounds caused by free root are the biological diseases' foundation of regular diseases for old people, such as: atherosclerosis, glycosuria, periodontal, and cancer...
According to D.Harman, the old getting is the general consequence of wounds appearing and developing in organizing cell, the system of body is created by free roots.
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